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Building Theories from Case Study Research

Summary for agile leaders

Eisenhardt's first published description of her method for grounded theory building from carefully-selected multiple case studies. Now famous as "The Eisenhardt Method" it is appropriate for situations where complexity prohibits random sampling, such as when researching organizations. It takes the best from Grounded Theory and case study approaches and is suitable for inductive (and abductive) research.

Reflecting in 2021, Dr Eisenhardt says she “wrote with the aim of bridging the inductive-deductive divide.” (Eisenhardt, K.M., 2021. What is the Eisenhardt Method, really? Strategic Organization 19, 147–160). That era was male- and positivist-dominated, so there is a considerable poignancy to this statement. I like this method because it has clearly-defined steps for novices (like me) and supports mixed-, qual, or quant methods.

Reviewed: 02 Jan 2023 by Russ Lewis
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Authors: 
Kathleen M. Eisenhardt
Publication date: 
1989
DOI: 
10.5465/amr.1989.4308385

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Topics: 

Abstract

This paper describes the process of inducting theory using case studies—from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Some features of the process, such as problem definition and construct validation, are similar to hypothesis-testing research. Others, such as within-case analysis and replication logic, are unique to the inductive, case-oriented process. Overall, the process described here is highly iterative and tightly linked to data. This research approach is especially appropriate in new topic areas. The resultant theory is often novel, testable, and empirically valid. Finally, framebreaking insights, the tests of good theory (e.g., parsimony, logical coherence), and convincing grounding in the evidence are the key criteria for evaluating this type of research.

Cite as (Harvard referencing)

Eisenhardt, K.M., 1989. Building Theories from Case Study Research. AMR 14, 532–550
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